METOCLOPRAMIDE VIATRIS 10 mg Scored tablet 2Plq/20

Scored tablet. The tablet can be divided into equal doses.

Metoclopramide (hydrochloride of) ...................................................................................................... 10,54 mg

Quantity corresponding to metoclopramide anhydrous (hydrochloride of) ........................................ 10,00 mg

For a scored tablet.

Excipients with known effect: lactose monohydrate (85.0 mg).

Excipients:

Adult population

METOCLOPRAMIDE VIATRIS 10 mg scored tablet is indicated in adults for:

• the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by antimitotics

• the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by radiotherapy

• the symptomatic treatment of nausea and vomiting, including nausea and vomiting induced by a migraine attack. In migraine attacks, metoclopramide may be used in combination with oral analgesics to improve their absorption.

Paediatric population

METOCLOPRAMIDE VIATRIS 10 mg scored tablet by oral route is indicated in children aged 1 to 18 years for:

• the prevention, as second-line treatment, of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by antimitotics.

These tablets are not suitable for use in children weighing less than 30 kg. Other pharmaceutical forms (in particular oral solution) should be used in this population.

Dosage

All indications (adults)

The recommended dose is 10 mg per dose, 1 to 3 times a day.

The recommended maximum daily dose is 30 mg or 0,5 mg/kg.

The recommended maximum duration of treatment is 5 days.

Prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by antimitotics (children aged 1 to 18 years)

The recommended dose is 0,1 to 0,15 mg/kg 1 to 3 times a day, by oral route. The maximum daily dose is 0,5 mg/kg.

Dosage table

Age	Weight	Dose per dose	Frequency
1-3 years	10-14 kg	1 mg	Up to 3 times a day
3-5 years	15-19 kg	2 mg	Up to 3 times a day
5-9 years	20-29 kg	2,5 mg	Up to 3 times a day
9-15 years	30-60 kg	5 mg	Up to 3 times a day
15-18 years	More than 60kg	10 mg	Up to 3 times a day

For the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by antimitotics, the maximum duration of treatment is 5 days.

The tablets are not suitable for use in children weighing less than 30 kg. Other pharmaceutical forms/dosages (for example oral solution) should be used.

Frequency of administration

A minimum interval of 6 hours between 2 administrations must be respected, even in case of vomiting or dose rejection (see section Warnings and precautions)

Special populations

Elderly subject

In elderly subjects, a dose reduction should be considered, taking into account renal and hepatic function and the overall frailty of the state of health.

Renal impairment

In patients with end-stage renal failure (creatinine clearance ≤15 ml/min), the daily dose must be reduced by 75%.

In patients with moderate to severe renal failure (creatinine clearance between 15 and 60 ml/min), the dose must be reduced by 50% (see section Pharmacokinetics).

Hepatic impairment

In patients with severe hepatic impairment, the dose must be reduced by 50% (see section Pharmacokinetics).

Other pharmaceutical forms may be more appropriate for use in these populations.

Paediatric population

Metoclopramide is contraindicated in children under the age of one year (see section Contraindications).

As these tablets are not suitable for use in children weighing less than 30 kg, other pharmaceutical forms must be used in this population.

• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section Composition.

• When stimulation of gastrointestinal motility presents a danger: gastrointestinal haemorrhage, mechanical obstruction or digestive perforation.

• In known or suspected carriers of pheochromocytoma, due to the risk of episodes of severe hypertension.

• Known history of tardive dyskinesia with neuroleptics or metoclopramide.

• Epilepsy (increased frequency and intensity of seizures).

• Parkinson's disease.

• In combination with levodopa or dopamine agonists (see section Interactions).

• Known history of methaemoglobinaemia with metoclopramide or of NADH cytochrome-b5 reductase deficiency.

• In children under one year of age due to the increased risk of extrapyramidal disorders (see section Warnings and precautions).

Neurological disorders

Extrapyramidal disorders may occur, particularly in children and young adults, and/or when high doses are used. These reactions generally occur early in treatment and may appear after a single administration. If these extrapyramidal symptoms occur, metoclopramide should be stopped immediately. These effects are generally fully reversible after treatment is discontinued, but may require symptomatic treatment (benzodiazepines in children, and/or anticholinergic antiparkinsonian agents in adults).

A interval of at least six hours must be observed between each dose (see section Dosage and administration), even in cases of vomiting or rejection of the dose, in order to avoid overdose.

Prolonged treatment with metoclopramide may lead to tardive dyskinesia, potentially irreversible, particularly in the elderly. Treatment duration must not exceed 3 months due to the risk of tardive dyskinesia (see section Adverse effects). If clinical signs of tardive dyskinesia appear, treatment must be discontinued.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome has been described with metoclopramide in combination with neuroleptics or as monotherapy (see section Adverse effects). Metoclopramide must be stopped immediately if symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome occur and appropriate treatment must be initiated.

Particular attention should be paid to patients with underlying neurological pathologies and to patients treated with other medicinal products having a central action (see section Contraindications).

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease may also be exacerbated by metoclopramide.

Methaemoglobinaemia

Cases of methaemoglobinaemia, which may be due to NADH cytochrome-b5 reductase deficiency, have been reported. In this case, treatment must be stopped immediately and permanently, and appropriate measures must be taken (such as treatment with methylene blue).

Cardiac disorders

Serious cardiovascular adverse reactions including cases of severe bradycardia, cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest and prolongation of the QT interval have been reported with injectable metoclopramide, particularly by the intravenous route (see section Adverse effects).

Metoclopramide must be administered with caution, particularly intravenously, in elderly subjects, patients with cardiac conduction disorders (including QT interval prolongation), patients with an imbalance of electrolyte balance, bradycardia, and those taking other medicinal products known to prolong the QT interval.

Renal and hepatic impairment

In cases of severe renal or hepatic impairment, it is recommended to reduce the dose (see section Dosage and administration).

Excipients

This medicine contains lactose. Patients with galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome (rare hereditary diseases) must not take this medicine.

Contraindicated combinations

Reciprocal antagonism between dopamine agonists or levodopa and metoclopramide (see section Contraindications).

Combinations not recommended

Alcohol increases the sedative effect of metoclopramide.

Associations to be taken into account

Due to the prokinetic effect of metoclopramide, the absorption of certain medicines may be altered.

Rifampicin

A published study conducted in 12 healthy volunteers reports that administration of 600 mg of rifampicin for 6 days decreased the plasma exposure to metoclopramide (AUC - Area under the curve) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) by 68% and 35%, respectively. Although the clinical significance is uncertain, patients should be monitored for any absence of antiemetic effect when metoclopramide is combined with rifampicin or other potent inducers (for example carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin).

Anticholinergics and morphine derivatives

Reciprocal antagonism between anticholinergics and morphine derivatives and metoclopramide on digestive motility.

Central nervous system depressants (anxiolytic morphine derivatives, sedating H1 antihistamines, sedating antidepressants, barbiturates, clonidine and related products).

Additive sedative effects of central nervous system depressants and metoclopramide.

Neuroleptics

Risk of additive effects on the occurrence of extrapyramidal disorders.

Serotonergic medicines

Increased risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with serotonergic medicines such as SSRIs.

Digoxin

Metoclopramide may decrease the bioavailability of digoxin. Close monitoring of plasma digoxin concentrations is necessary.

Ciclosporin

Metoclopramide increases the bioavailability of ciclosporin (Cmax increased by 46% and systemic exposure increased by 22%). Close monitoring of plasma ciclosporin concentrations is necessary. The clinical consequence is uncertain.

Mivacurium and suxamethonium

Injection of metoclopramide may prolong the duration of neuromuscular blockade, by inhibiting plasma cholinesterase.

Potent inhibitors of CYP2D6

Increased metoclopramide exposure parameters when combined with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as fluoxetine and paroxetine. Although the clinical relevance is unknown, monitoring for adverse effects is required.

Risk of additive methaemoglobin-forming effects, particularly in the newborn.

Pregnancy

A large amount of data in pregnant women (more than 1000 pregnancies) has not revealed any malformative or foetotoxic effect. Metoclopramide may be used during pregnancy if necessary. For pharmacological reasons (by analogy with other neuroleptics), if metoclopramide is administered late in pregnancy, a neonatal extrapyramidal syndrome cannot be excluded. Metoclopramide should be avoided late in pregnancy. If used, the newborn should be monitored.

Breast-feeding

Metoclopramide passes weakly into breast milk. Adverse effects in the breastfed newborn cannot be excluded. Therefore, metoclopramide is not recommended during breastfeeding. Interruption of treatment during breastfeeding should be considered.

Metoclopramide may cause drowsiness, dizziness, dyskinesia and dystonias which may affect vision and also interfere with the ability to drive vehicles and use machines.

Adverse effects are listed by system organ class. Adverse effects have been classified by frequency using the following convention: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1000 to <1/100); rare (≥ 1/10000 to <1/1000); very rare (<1/10 000); frequency not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

System Organ Class	Frequency	Adverse effects
Immune system disorders
	Uncommon	Hypersensitivity * * Metoclopramide and allergic reactions, report of 30 September 1997
	Frequency not known	Anaphylactic reaction (including anaphylactic shock), particularly with the intravenous route ** ** CO Metoclopramide and anaphylactic shock, particularly after intravenous use, Patricia Fitas, 06 September 2013
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
	Frequency not known	Methaemoglobinaemia, which may be due to a deficiency of NADH cytochrome-b5 reductase, particularly in the newborn (see section Warnings and precautions) Sulfhaemoglobinaemia, mainly during concomitant administration of high doses of sulfate-releasing medicinal products
Cardiac disorders
	Uncommon	Bradycardia, particularly with the intravenous route
	Frequency not known	Cardiac arrest, occurring shortly after parenteral administration, and which may follow bradycardia (see section Warnings and precautions); atrioventricular block, sinus pause particularly with the intravenous route; prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram; Torsades de Pointes
Endocrine disorders*
	Uncommon	Amenorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia
	Rare	Galactorrhoea
	Frequency not known	Gynaecomastia
Gastrointestinal disorders
	Common	Diarrhoea
General disorders and administration site conditions
	Common	Asthenia
Nervous system disorders
	Very common	Somnolence
	Common	Extrapyramidal disorders (particularly in children and young adults and/or when the recommended dose is exceeded, including after administration of a single dose) (see section Warnings and precautions), parkinsonian syndrome, akathisia
	Uncommon	Dystonia (including visual disturbances and oculogyric crisis), dyskinesia, disturbances of consciousness
	Rare	Convulsion, particularly in epileptic patients
	Frequency not known	Tardive dyskinesia which may be persistent, during or after prolonged treatment, particularly in elderly subjects (see section Warnings and precautions), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (see section Warnings and precautions)
Psychiatric disorders
	Common	Depression with mild to severe symptoms including the onset of suicidal ideation
	Uncommon	Hallucination
	Rare	Confusional state
Vascular disorders
	Common	Hypotension, particularly with the intravenous route
	Frequency not known	Transient increase in blood pressure. Shock, syncope after use of the injectable form. Hypertensive crisis in patients with pheochromocytoma (see section Contraindications).

* Endocrine disorders during prolonged treatment related to hyperprolactinemia (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia).

The following effects, sometimes associated, occur more frequently when high doses are used:

Extrapyramidal symptoms: acute dystonia and dyskinesia, parkinsonism, akathisia, including after administration of a single dose of the medicinal product, particularly in children and young adults (see section Warnings and precautions).

Somnolence, impaired consciousness, confusion, hallucination.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reaction via the national reporting system: National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM) and the network of Regional Centres of Pharmacovigilance - Website: https://signalement.social-sante.gouv.fr/.

Symptoms

Extrapyramidal symptoms, somnolence, impaired consciousness, confusion, hallucinations, a hypertensive crisis, or even cardiorespiratory arrest may occur.

Management

In case of extrapyramidal symptoms, whether or not related to an overdose, treatment is purely symptomatic (benzodiazepines in children, and/or anticholinergic antiparkinsonian agents in adults).

Symptomatic treatment and continuous monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory function must be implemented according to the clinical condition.

Pharmacotherapeutic class: GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY STIMULANT, ATC code: A03FA01

(A: alimentary tract and metabolism)

Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist neuroleptic. It prevents vomiting by blocking dopaminergic sites.

Absorption

Metoclopramide is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is generally 80%, however there is inter-individual variability linked to a hepatic first-pass effect

Distribution

Metoclopramide is widely distributed in tissues. The volume of distribution is 2,2 to 3,4 L/kg. It binds little to plasma proteins. It crosses the placenta and passes into milk.

Biotransformation

Metoclopramide is poorly metabolized.

Elimination

Metoclopramide is mainly eliminated in the urine in free or sulfoconjugated form.

The elimination half-life is 5 to 6 hours. It increases in cases of renal or hepatic insufficiency.

Renal impairment

The clearance of metoclopramide is decreased by up to 70% in patients with severe renal insufficiency, while the plasma elimination half-life is increased (approximately 10 hours for a creatinine clearance of 10-50 mL/minute and 15 hours for a creatinine clearance <10 mL/minute).

Hepatic impairment

Accumulation of metoclopramide has been observed in patients with liver cirrhosis, associated with a decrease of 50% in plasma clearance.

3 years.

Blister: To be stored at a temperature below 30°C.

Vial: This medicine does not require any particular storage precautions.

No special requirements.

List I

Marketing authorisation (AMM)

CIP 3400935329219 (2Plq/20).

Price:

2,28 euros (2Plq/20).

Social Security reimbursement at 30% based on the TFR: 2.28 euros (2Plq/20).
Collection.